Health

Impetigo: Causes, Symptoms, & How to Treat

Impetigo

Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection that primarily affects infants and young children, though it can also occur in adults. It’s characterized by red sores, which can quickly burst and form a yellowish-brown crust. The infection is usually mild and can be treated with antibiotics, but knowing how to manage it and prevent its spread is crucial for speedy recovery.

Causes Impetigo?

Impetigo is caused by bacteria, typically Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The bacteria enter the skin through cuts, insect bites, or other injuries, though even healthy skin can sometimes become infected. It spreads easily through close contact or by sharing items like towels, clothing, or bedding.

Symptoms of Impetigo

Impetigo presents with several distinct symptoms, most often on the face (around the mouth and nose), arms, and legs:

  • Red Sores: The infection starts with red sores or blisters that may be itchy.
  • Honey-Colored Crust: Once the sores burst, they form a characteristic yellow-brown crust.
  • Itching and Discomfort: The affected areas can be itchy and uncomfortable, making it hard to resist scratching, which can spread the infection further.
  • Swollen Lymph Nodes: In some cases, nearby lymph nodes may swell as the body fights the infection.
Impetigo

Types of Impetigo

There are two main types of impetigo:

  1. Non-Bullous: The most common form, marked by small red sores that quickly rupture and develop into honey-colored crusts.
  2. Bullous: Less common and primarily affecting infants, this form causes larger blisters filled with fluid, which may take longer to heal.

Effective Treatment

Fortunately, impetigo can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Depending on the severity, treatment options include:

  1. Topical Antibiotics: Mild cases can usually be treated with antibiotic ointments like mupirocin, applied directly to the sores. Be sure to clean the affected area gently before application.
  2. Oral Antibiotics: In more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed to clear the infection from the inside out.
  3. Keep the Area Clean: Gently wash the affected skin with mild soap and water, and avoid picking at the sores to prevent spreading the infection.
  4. Avoid Spreading: Since impetigo is contagious, wash hands frequently, avoid sharing personal items, and keep the infected area covered with a bandage if possible.

Preventing Impetigo

Impetigo spreads easily, but there are ways to reduce the risk of infection:

  • Good Hygiene: Teach children to wash their hands regularly and avoid scratching or picking at skin sores.
  • Disinfect Surfaces: Clean shared surfaces and objects, especially if someone in your household has impetigo.
  • Avoid Contact: Keep your child home from school or daycare until they’re no longer contagious, which is usually 24-48 hours after starting antibiotics.

Final Thoughts

While impetigo is contagious and can be uncomfortable, it is relatively easy to treat with antibiotics. Early treatment can help prevent complications and stop the infection from spreading. By practicing good hygiene and following your doctor’s advice, you can effectively manage and prevent it.